ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDINGS

group of authors
 

B-5, 184 pages, semisolid

design: Dejan D. Nikolovski
 

printing house: Ri-Grafika, Skopje

Contents:

WHAT SHOULD WE DO IN ORDER TO HAVE 20% ENERGY SAVING BY 2020
A BULGARIAN ASSOCIATION FOR ISOLATION IN CIVIL ENGINEERING ESSENCE, GOALS, TASKS AND PRACTICE
CONTROL OF SOLAR ENERGY
HEAT TRANSMISSION
 

1. Introduction
 

2. Mechanisms of heat transmission а
2.1. Heat transmission by conduction
2.2. Heat transmission by convection
2.3. Heat transmission by radiation
2.4. Heat transition
 

3. Thermal-physical characteristics of the non- conductors
3.1. Basic thermal-technical characteristics of the building materials and the non-conductors for buildings
 

4. Resistance of heat transmission through one-layer and multiplex building element during stationar regime of the spreading of thermal flux
4.1. Resistance of heat transition through one-layer non-conducter
4.2. Resistance of heat transition through multiplex non-conductor
4.3. Temperature lines
4.4. Determining the difference between the temperatures of the internal surface of the element and the internal air
 

5. Thermal non-conductors in civil engineering
5.1. Classification of non-conductors
5.2. Inorganic non-conductors
5.3. Organic thermal non-conductors
5.4. Synthetic (plastic) mass as a non-conductors
 

EXAMPLES FROM THE PRACTICE FOR REALIZATION OF ENERGETIC EFFICIENCY OF THE BUILDINGS
 

1. Introduction
 

2. Concept of the Book of rules for energetic efficiency of the buildings
3. Thermal bridges
3.1. Example analysis from Macedonian practice
3.2. Comparison of the results
3.3. Comment
 

4. Calculation of thermal loss of a building
 

4.1. Geomerty of the building
4.2. Variant 1: Numerical calculation with application of the Macedonian "Catalogue of linear thermal bridges"
4.3. Variant 2: Numerical calculation with application of the ψe values from the Macedonian "Catalogue of linear thermal bridges"
 

HEATING SYSTEM, THERMAL SOURCES AND ENERGY SAVING
 

1. Evaluation factors for the application of the heating systems
 

2. Division of the heating systems
2.1. Division according to the thermal source
2.2. Division according to the heat bearer
 

3. Selection of a heat bearer and heating sysytem
 

4. Heat consumption
4.1. Classification of the heat consumers
 

5. Heating diagram
 

6. Heat exchange surface of the heating elements
 

7. Thermal sources
 

8. Thermal characteristics of the heat pump
8.1. Concept of a heat pump
8.2. Thermal sources of the heat pump
8.3. Schemes of the heat pumps
 

9. Characteristics of the equipment of the heat pumps
 

10. Characteristics of the geothermal energy systems
10.1. Basic concepts
10.2. Division of the geothermal sources
10.3. System for usage of geothermal energy
10.4. Chemical preparation of the geothermal waters
10.5. Technoeconomic aspect
 

11. Optimal drafting of combined heating systems with heat pumps
11.1. Energetic system with heat exchange station of geothermal water, a heat pump and a top boiler room
11.2. Supstitution of a part of the fossil fuel energy with solar energy
 

12. CONCLUSIONS
 

ENERGY SAVING AT THE OFFICE BLOCKS (ADMINISTRATIVE AND INDUSTRIAL)
 

1. Energy consumption
 

2. Areas and measurements for reduction of the energy consumption
2.1. Energy saving at the heating systems and the air-conditioning systems (HVAC)
2.2. Reduction of the electrical power loss
 

3. Energy consumption analysis during the exploitation of the building
 

APPLICATION OF COGENERATIVE PLANTS IN ORDER TO SATISFY THE ENERGETIC NEEDS OF THE BUILDINGS
 

1. Comparison of technologies
 

2. General things about the cogenerative plants with piston engines
 

3. Giving dimensions of a plant
 

4. Economic efficiency
 

5. Cogeneration of electric power, heat and cooling
 

6. Combination of a cogenerative plant with instalations for waste water reprocessing
 

7. Conclusion
 

SOLAR COLLECTORS FOR HOT WATER
 

1. What is a passive house?
 

2. Multiplex PVD selective isthmus
2.1. Characteristics of the PVD selective isthmus
2.2. Solar systems projecting
 

HEAT PUMPS
 

1. General
 

2. Types of heat pumps
 

3. Geothermal heat pumps
3.1. Open system
3.2. Closed system
 

4. Distributive system in the building
 

5. Advantages in comparison with the other heating systems
 

6. Practical example for saving by using geothermal heat pump for heating and cooling

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